Sheet 3 · Budgets
Budgets
Mass, life support, power and heat, and compute budgets for the habitat at Earth–Moon L5. Every figure on this page is taken from the Megastructure One design basis reports, and each table names its report. Nothing here is estimated by the site.
Summary reports 01–04
| Budget | Design value | Basis | Report |
|---|---|---|---|
| Consolidated mass, allocated subtotal | 6,088,786 t | Sum of the ledger below; 1,000 residents + 1,000 AI agents | 01 |
| Pressure structure, Al-Li | 578,486 t | Barrel, domes, compression rings, 30% secondary | 01 |
| Stationary radiation shield fill | 4,723,934 t | 4,500 kg/m² regolith on 1,049,763 m² enclosure | 01 |
| Atmosphere, vessel with domes | 82,991 t | 101.3 kPa, 20 °C; report 02 gives 82,237 t by composition | 01, 02 |
| Wet soil, Zones A and B | 191,700 t | 0.30 m at 1,500 kg/m³, water included | 02 |
| Electrical load, average | 25.458 MW | Full-electric lighting case, includes compute | 03 |
| Solar array | 119,601 m² | 33.207 MW EOL, 221.4 t | 03 |
| Heat rejection, 350 K radiators | 21,728 m² | Entire load; hull gets 0 credit behind the shield | 03 |
| Compute facility, 1,000 AI agents | 0.46 MW | Wall power incl. cooling; 7.5 t, 28 m² | 04 |
Mass ledger report 01, Structures and shielding
Consolidated L5 concept mass. Lines are mutually exclusive inventory and equipment; soil-held water (38,340 t) is inside the wet-soil line and is not added again. Rounded to the tonne; the report's script keeps full precision.
| Line | t | Formula / ownership |
|---|---|---|
| Pressure structure, incl. rings and 30% secondary | 578,486 | Al-Li membrane sizing, f = 1.3, with 03/04 equipment load; 01 |
| Wet soil, including held water | 191,700 | 2 × 213,000 m² × 0.30 m × 1,500 kg/m³; 02 |
| Potable stored reserve | 30 | 1,000 × 7 d × 4.27 kg/d; 02 |
| Additional lakes, process and tank water | 62,832 | 100 kg/m² × ground area; 01 allocation |
| Finished buildings | 157,080 | 250 kg/m² × ground area; 01 allocation |
| Internal services, ECLSS, transit | 31,416 | 50 kg/m² × ground area; 01 allocation |
| Occupants including visitors | 88 | 1,100 × 80 kg |
| Atmosphere, including domes | 82,991 | Ideal gas, 69.246 million m³ at 101.3 kPa |
| Stationary radiation fill | 4,723,934 | 1,049,763 m² × 4,500 kg/m² |
| Shield containment and support | 236,197 | 5% of shield mass; sensitivity 2–15% |
| Outer MMOD system | 20,995 | 20 kg/m² of enclosure; sensitivity 10–40 |
| Two despun hubs and local supports | 2,000 | 2 × 1,000 t allowance |
| Solar arrays | 221 | 03 formulas with 04 integrated load |
| Exposed 350 K radiators | 261 | 03 formulas with 04 integrated load |
| One-hour contingency battery | 189 | 03 formulas with 04 integrated load |
| LED fixtures | 46 | 03 peak installed kW × 2 kg/kW |
| Optical collection surfaces | 313 | 03 collector area × 5 kg/m² |
| Compute servers, storage, local cooling | 7 | 04 mid-case facility hardware only |
| Allocated subtotal | 6,088,786 | Sum using unrounded inputs |
Report 01 excludes propulsion and propellant, spin-up hardware, assembly fleet, launch packaging, pressure subdivision bulkheads and verified storm refuges. With onboard compute for 100,000 AI agents the subtotal is 6,089,475 t. The deep-space shield allocation range is 3,149,290–6,298,580 t (2–4 m of regolith); radiation dose compliance is not demonstrated.
Structure report 01
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Al-Li barrel skin, installed | 125.02 mm |
| Al-Li dome skin, installed | 124.35 mm |
| Allowable stress, Al-Li screening | 180 MPa |
| Axial thrust per dome | 12.730 GN |
| Compression ring load, each | 3.799 GN |
| Rotating payload at rim | 705.3 kg/m² |
| Rotor mass, screening model | 1,021,590 t |
| Angular momentum | 9.049 × 10¹² kg·m²/s |
| Spin kinetic energy | 0.278 GWh |
Material screening, primary structure only (f = 1): steel 1,731 kt, Al-Li 442 kt, titanium 653 kt, CFRP 213 kt. Al-Li is baseline for inspectability and pressure-vessel heritage. Not buckling-qualified.
Shielding report 01
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Enclosure, mean radius × length | 205 m × 610 m |
| Enclosure area | 1,049,763 m² |
| Areal mass, baseline | 4,500 kg/m² |
| Regolith thickness at 1,500 kg/m³ | 3 m |
| Fill mass, 3,000 / 4,500 / 6,000 kg/m² | 3,149 / 4,724 / 6,299 kt |
| Chronic dose target / screening ceiling | 1 / 5 mSv/yr |
| SPE shelter event target | 50 mSv |
| MMOD allowance | 20 kg/m² = 20,995 t |
The shield is despun relative to the habitat and sits on an external truss with metrology-controlled clearance. Report 01: dose compliance is not demonstrated; HZETRN/OLTARIS transport runs are a release gate.
Life support report 02, Life support and population
| Per person, per day | Value |
|---|---|
| Oxygen, metabolic | 0.84 kg |
| Carbon dioxide produced | 1.00 kg |
| Water, total | 4.27 kg |
| Food, dry solids | 0.62 kg |
| Metabolic heat | 120 W |
| Population | Value |
|---|---|
| Design point | 1,000 + 100 visitors |
| Capacity at 120 m²/person | 5,236 |
| Capacity at 40 / 250 m²/person | 15,708 / 2,513 |
| Atmosphere and loops | Value |
|---|---|
| Pressure, temperature | 101.3 kPa, 20 °C |
| Gas in barrel / vessel with domes | 74.6 / 82.2 kt |
| Leakage range | 31 kg/d – 82 t/d |
| Water demand, 1,000 people | 1,560 t/yr |
| Water import at 98% recovery | 31 t/yr |
| O₂ import at 98% recovery | 6.1 t/yr |
| Crop area, 60 m²/person | 60,000 m² = 14.8 acres |
| Crop share of Zones A+B | 14% |
| Soil over A+B, 0.30 m | 191,700 t |
| Crop PAR to report 03 | 1.50 Mmol/d |
Report 02 comfort figures at 200 m: gravity gradient over 2 m is 1.0%, Coriolis at a 1.4 m/s walk is 0.62 m/s² (6.3% g). Report 05 notes the annual leak makeup should be split by mass fraction (7,047 t O₂ + 22,992 t N₂ at the 0.1%/day bound).
Power, light and heat report 03, Power, light and heat
Hybrid architecture: piped sunlight through the collector when geometry permits, with full LED backup; the power system is sized to the full-electric case. Radiators are dedicated two-sided 350 K panels because the stationary shield blocks the hull's view of space.
| Light | Value |
|---|---|
| Habitat LED, peak / daily average | 14.43 / 7.21 MW |
| Crop LED, peak / daily average | 8.68 / 5.79 MW |
| Maintained habitat illuminance | 10,000 lux, 12 h/d |
| Habitat sunlight collector | 33,667 m² |
| Crop sunlight collector | 28,935 m² |
| Hybrid saving at 70% sun utilisation | 9.10 MW |
| LED fixtures / optics mass | 46.2 / 313.0 t |
| Load, 1,000 people + 1,000 AI agents | Value |
|---|---|
| Total average load | 25.458 MW |
| of which compute facility (04) | 0.457 MW |
| Array output, EOL, 20% margin | 33.207 MW |
| Array area / mass | 119,601 m² / 221.4 t |
| Radiator area / mass, 350 K | 21,728 m² / 260.7 t |
| Radiator flux at 350 K | 1,172 W/m² |
| One-hour L5 contingency storage | 28.29 MWh / 188.6 t |
| AI agents | Compute load | Total load | Array | Array area | Radiator | Storage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,000 | 0.457 MW | 25.458 MW | 33.207 MW | 119,601 m² | 21,728 m² | 28.29 MWh |
| 10,000 | 1.650 MW | 26.651 MW | 34.763 MW | 125,206 m² | 22,746 m² | 29.61 MWh |
| 100,000 | 13.500 MW | 38.501 MW | 50.219 MW | 180,876 m² | 32,859 m² | 42.78 MWh |
Report 03 inputs: 1,361 W/m² at 1 AU, 30% cells × 0.85 packing × 0.80 EOL = 277.6 W/m²; 150 W/kg array; radiator ε 0.90, view 0.85, degradation 0.90, 12 kg/m². Installed 03 hardware for the 1k/1k case is about 841 t excluding storage.
Onboard compute report 04
Onboard compute is budgeted per continuously running AI agent: a frontier-class model served at 1.0 J per output token (range 0.3–4.0), averaging 74 tokens per second.
| Per AI agent, mid case | Value |
|---|---|
| IT power | 76 W |
| Wall power incl. cooling, conditioning, idle | 123 W |
| Compute hardware mass | 2.4 kg |
| Radiator + solar share | 1.2 + 1.2 kg |
| Facility | 1,000 | 10,000 | 100,000 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wall power = heat | 0.46 MW | 1.65 MW | 13.5 MW |
| Hardware mass | 7.5 t | 36 t | 325 t |
| Floor area | 28 m² | 120 m² | 1,040 m² |
| Wall power range, 0.3–4.0 J/token | 0.37–0.82 | 0.81–5.3 | 5.1–50 MW |
All compute power ends as heat, carried by the radiators in report 03.